Introduction

There are a wide range of Fenestra parameters available to test Wellness Indicators. However, only four of these parameters were utilized to test the 50 subjects in the Winter of 2004 M-Water® clinical study – with a focus on hydration. However, the only parameters utilized for computing purposes were associated with the measurement of hydration. The terms below provide basic definitions for the objective parameters used to in terms of their numerical representations as well as other key terminology presented in the clinical study report to determine hydration levels in all the subjects.

It must also be noted that in writing the associated documents to support the Clinical Test Results in the Winter of 2004 M-Water® Study I have adapted my terminology to that of Fenestra. I do not ordinarily use the word "Wellness" but it is a word that can be used in reference to establishing better health in people that goes beyond what is meant by normal in the mainstream medical sense. The information that follows will clarify the term "Wellness" within the context of tests carried out with the Fenestra technology.

Red Zone & Wellness

The whole point of using the Fenestra technology is to determine if the body is in a zone of wellness on the basis of several objective parameters. Wellness is considered at a higher level of what is healthy rather than simply "normal" as defined in mainstream medicine. Where as mainstream medical testing and health guidelines simply look at whether a person falls into what are considered normal ranges, the fact of the matter is that normal is really no different than using the word "survival." Normal ranges from implementing medical tests involving body fluids (saliva, urine and blood), as well as other objective measurements that include such processes as imaging, only tell you if a person is not in a danger zone in terms of developing serious health issue. The same is true when it comes to recommended levels of specific nutrients based on RDA (recommended daily allowance) which are only meant to stave of disease and death. For those practicing clinical nutrition it is well known that in many cases higher levels of specific nutrients are necessary as well as specialized products may be necessary to make meaningful health changes and to insure a state of Wellness that is more than simply survival that prevents death and disease.

Wellness is therefore a term that goes beyond what is labeled as normal. With wellness a person is insuring biological certainty that there is much greater resilience and adaptability as well as a higher degree of health physically, mentally and emotionally. For example, an athlete’s needs to function at higher level than just survival and instead needs to maximize their state of health to increase athletic ability. This concept also applies to hydration, with mainstream medicine viewing dehydration as only an issue of whether or not there is enough water in the body (extra and intra cellular) to stay alive, which would be in the "normal" range. "Survival" is an appropriate term to define the physical and mental state a person operates from when it comes to meeting the bare minimum in terms of air, water, food exercise and so on. This is also true of consuming enough water n the right form to increase hydration, with the minimum to insure survival only achieved when dehydration is prevented at a level that only insures the cells will not shrivel up and die. When the body is only surviving based on minimum levels of hydration the body actually shifts to the "survival" reaction with increased production of cholesterol and histamine and its subordinates to conserve water reserves in the cells (particularly in the brain). There are also other negative bio chemical and electric outcomes from dehydration. The combination of all negative bio chemical and electric outcomes based on any level of dehydration can be tied to all disease associated with the human organism. Therefore, when the body is not in the wellness range for hydration but only within normal range according to mainstream medical parameters the probability is very high that an increase in chemical response to conserve water supplies and other types of reactions will take place base on any level of dehydration. This means that there will be a subsequent weakening of every cell, gland, organ, system and the body as a whole.

The Red Zone reference in the Clinical Findings section signifies that a person is 30% or more out of the Wellness range for any given Fenestra parameter. The goal in relationship to Fenestra technology is to find those modalities that will move a person closer a Wellness level in terms of body chemistry in several different ways. According to the principles established for the use of the Fenestra technology and protocols hydration is foundational to establishing a higher degree of health in every conceivable way.

Testing with Fenestra

Fenestra technology is unique because it is automated. All that is needed by those who utilize the technology is to obtain some or all of saliva, blood and urine samples from a subject and then apply them to the hardware of the technology appropriately. From there the software component of the technology will automatically calculate the results for all the various tests. This approach is ideal for all kinds of healthcare practitioners who truly want to evaluate whether or not the modalities they are using are actually providing any objective evidence of positive health changes.

Hydration & Four Associated Parameters

Hydration

The focus of the recent clinical study during the winter of 2004 involving subjects drinking M-Water involved hydration and whether or not drinking M-Water moves a subject towards a Wellness level of hydration. There are four Fenestra parameters used to determine overall hydration:

1. Conductance
2. Resistivity
3. Surface Tension
4. Specific Gravity

The inventor of the Fenestra technology, Melonie Montgomery, has developed a very sophisticated and exacting way to consider the degree of hydration in the body. This involves a proprietary mathematical formula based on the four just mentioned parameters to determine whether or not a person is closer to or within the Wellness range. The more a person is outside the range for hydration Wellness the more they can be considered to be dehydrated.

Although the precise mathematical formula used to determine hydration Wellness is proprietary knowledge owned by the Fenestra Corporation, the four parameters can be reviewed to make sense out this measurement approach. In order to measure the four components that allow for a hydration computation it is necessary to analyze fluids from the body in the form of some or all of saliva, blood and urine. By doing so a specific numerical representation can be derived for the four parameters involved to come up with the final hydration Wellness number.

The emphasis in the M-Water hydration study was not so much about whether or not people could all be in the hydration Wellness range in a perfect sense but rather is it possible that their numbers could shift appreciably to demonstrate greater hydration to become much closer to Wellness than previously. Over a thirty day period there was a dramatic shift in hydration Wellness for everyone in the study, regardless of many factors including whether or not they were drinking abundant amounts of water every day.

The foundation of considering the electrical properties in the Fenestra technology is the basic formula C = R/V, which is the well know Ohm’s Law. Through the interplay of Voltage with both Conductivity and Resistivity some basic knowledge about intra and extra cellular hydration can be accessed. Conductivity is related to intracellular hydration and Resistivity is related to extracellular hydration.

The other two parameters have more to do with chemical content but to some extent still related to electrical properties of body fluids. As indicated in the terminology definitions in this section surface tension is directly related to inward molecular attraction, with the obvious implication that if solids are suspended properly via molecular combinations with H20 then this means that the fluids of the body will have lower surface tension. Specific gravity of any given bodily fluid reveals the content of solids in solution, with higher and higher concentrations of solids –both intra and extra cellular – raising the specific gravity number as a possible indicator of dehydration.

The mathematical formula is constructed in such a way that it reveals whether or not an integrated state of intra and extra cellular hydration exists in the body or not. It is not enough to look just at intra cellular hydration as a health issue. Furthermore, trying to come up with an assessment of hydration is difficult in the first place. Fenestra technology is one of the few analytical approaches I have come across that provides a hydration assessment that takes the relevant bio chemical and electric properties of the body into consideration in order to come up with one single number to determine how close or how far away a person is from ideal hydration.

Conductivity

Conductivity is a measurement of the amount and quality of electrical current in the body.

Toxicity is a measurement of salts in the body. Salts are electrolytes and they are responsible for the electrical conduction of information in the body. Conductivity looks at the measurement of the quantity of current flow within the biological specimen and is an indicator of osmotic pressure, heat loss, and fluid balance. If the current in the body is too high or too low there will be symptoms of degeneration of the body.

There is an optimum range of Wellness when it comes to the amount of solids dissolved in the fluids that reside inside the cells. If the level of solids is too high inside the cells, which ultimately as this level goes up becomes a reflection of increased toxins, then the conductance of electricity through the body based on cell to cell transmission of electrical currents will be too high.

However, if the conductance from cell to cell is too low then this means that solids might not be entering the cell via the solute of water. The only way that solids can enter the cell is to take a ride on H20 molecules to enter the interior of the cell. With dehydration, the defense mechanisms of the cells will actually block solids from entering the cell via the various channels that are specific to small molecules. With lower and lower levels of solids inside the cell the lower the conductance will be from cell to cell.

If sufficient water is being consumed daily that hydrates easily and effectively then there will be a free flow of water in and out of the cell, which will insure a balance in terms of solids residing within intracellular fluids. The outcome is a balanced state of conductance from cell to cell.

The body is a biochemical and bioelectric mechanism. Therefore, the issue of conductance being too high or too low is not just a reflection of unbalanced biochemistry but also an imbalance in electrical flow through the body.

Resistivity

Resistivity reflects the flow of ions across cellular membranes.

The resistivity is the measurement of the relative concentrations of minerals contained within the test samples. The concentration of minerals found in test samples is based on extracellular fluid concentrations.

The slight difference in the concentration of minerals found in the plasma vs. the amount found inside the cells creates a voltage gradient called the membrane potential. Remember, conductance is a reflection of intracellular concentration of minerals. The issue of resistivity being in a state of balance is based on a delicate balance between extra and intra cellular fluids in terms of the minerals in each.

Resistivity may seem very similar to conductance but in fact is very different. Conductance measures the actual electrical flow and resistivity measures ion flow in the cell membrane. But both provide interplay in the body to allow for electrical flow from cell to cell that must pass through the extracellular fluid. In a sense, the cells are tiny electric generators that create current flow but this current must pass through a medium of transmission, which is much like electricity being produced by turbines in a damn with water flow that flows out through power lines. However, the power lines in the case of the body are the extracellular fluid.

Therefore, resistivity is a direct reflection of the body’s ability to conduct electrical currents that originates from the cells but must have the capacity to connect with other cell via a medium of transmission.

Minerals are also essential co-factors for enzymes. A lock-and-key mechanism occurs between an enzyme and a mineral to activate the enzymes and cause it to perform its biochemical functions. When minerals are too low or deficient, enzymatic reactions may occur poorly. Just like the issue of mineral concentration inside the cell causing electrical currents to be at a level that is too high (which ultimately can be an indicator of toxin build up) there needs to a balanced state of mineral concentration in the extracellular fluid as well. This concentration shouldn’t be too high or low, with either reflecting potential pathology.

Together, conductance and resitivity tell an amazing story of water distribution as well as mineral balance inside and outside the cells. By combining the two parameters along with surface tension and specific gravity a more precise understanding of hydration is available, which is the focus of the Winter 2004 Clinical Study.

Surface Tension

As a biological phenomena the surface tension of fluids in the body can be compared through technological analysis with that of pure water. Higher surface tension implies a decreased capacity for cellular permeability for any given fluid. There are many factors that come into play when it comes to surface tension and the association with the components that control electrical flow through the body.

As water flows in and out of all the cells along with in many scenarios H20 as the vehicle to carry solids as passengers into the cells, the variance in solid concentrate will vary up or down. What causes surface tension to go down and therefore to increase cell permeability is the concentration of either or both solids (particularly minerals) and electrons. Just like other parameters measure with Fenestra technology balance is the key, with highs and lows reflecting some deep underlying imbalance. This is why adding high levels of colloidal minerals and electrons (via ionization or other types of H20 electrification) to drinking water can bring about an imbalance in the levels necessary to regulate normal cellular chemical and electrical processes.

If there are very low levels of minerals and electrons in the fluids of the body then the surface tension will go up and decrease the permeability of extracellular fluids that need to enter the cell as well as exiting the cell. However, if the surface tension is too low then permeability of the cell membrane can lead to loss of integrity to enforce what goes in and what comes out of a cell. In the case of lost membrane integrity the body will shift to defensive postures and there can be an opposite swing to the cell creating the dynamics of stopping the in and out flow of water and solids. The primary defensive mechanisms in the body that go on red alert when water reserves become upset along with osmotic pressures involve the production of cholesterol and histamine (and its subordinates), which will create blocking actions to conserve water inside the cells.

Surface tension of a fluid can be defined as inward molecular attraction forces, which must be overcome to increase the surface area. Surface tension is the energy required to increase the surface area of a liquid by a unit amount.

In water the intermolecular hydrogen bonds are involved in the inward attraction forces. The surface tension of water at 20 degrees centigrade is 7.29 x 10-2 J/m2 .

Therefore, the type of water and its amount is a key issue in terms of providing the ideal terrain for allowing a very complex set of relationships to occur involving bio chemistry and electricity to control surface tension of fluids inside and outside the cells.

Specific Gravity

From a mathematical point of view specific gravity is very similar to density. Specific gravity is defined as density of a substance divided by the density of water. Since the units will cancel out in any computation it simply means that the only difference between specific gravity and density is that the there are no units associated with specific gravity as is the case with density.

With bodily fluids density is a function of the types and amounts of solids found in solution. The more there is of substances in solution that are heavier than water the higher the density will be. With dehydration, whether it is intra or extra cellular, the density of fluids will be higher because the water content goes down as the solids go up. The converse is true for increased hydration.

Therefore, the specific gravity measurement of body fluids reveals a number that will always be higher than that of water. This has to be the case because body fluids always contain certain amounts of minerals. The less water in body and the more minerals and other solids there is in body fluids the specific gravity number will go up.

If the specific gravity number goes up and up this is an obvious indicator of dehydration, which is because dehydration is ultimately a measurement of how much water is in the body at any one given time. Although no one usually drinks enough water to create diluted blood and body fluids over all it is possible to drink so much water that dilution would take place and reflect a specific gravity of body fluids that is too low. Assuming that a person is drinking the correct amount of water every day and the specific gravity is too low could signify serious issues with the transport of minerals and other solids through the body.

Comments about the Interplay of all Four Hydration Parameters

It might be assumed that the four properties of fluids as measured with the four different Fenestra tests are much better if they go farther and farther into higher and lower ranges. But the uniqueness of the Fenestra technology is that the testing and computation process is all built into the hardware and software. It works with the interface of different parameters to extract specific evaluations as is the case with different levels of hydration and how this changes over time with any given modality. The key is balance for any given parameter in terms of the interplay with other parameters in revealing whether or not there is an increase or decrease in Wellness.

When hydration mechanisms are functioning more normally then this will mean that flow of water through the body is creating ideal conditions for minerals and other types of solids to have an ideal specific gravity as measure with Fenestra technology. With all four parameters integrated together in the correct mathematical equation a number can be derived that reflect whether or not a person is closer or farther away from the Wellness zone. It would be rare circumstances to have a situation where a person was too hydrated and what occurs almost all the time with Fenestra measurements is that applying the mathematical formula with the four parameters reveals a number that is too low and therefore signifies that hydration is less than it should be.

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